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The Legacy of Bugged Item...
Forum: Kitty diseases
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Discover High-Quality Hum...
Forum: Kitty diseases
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What is Die Casting Mold ...
Forum: Kitty diseases
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How to eliminate propelle...
Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
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Experience high-quality b...
Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Last Post: EQiblybolve
01-08-2025, 09:50 AM
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A balancing device for cr...
Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
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Diagnosing Effusive ("wet...
Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
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FIP at the Breeder/Catter...
Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
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How is the dry form of FI...
Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
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  The Legacy of Bugged Items in Diablo 2: From Ebugged Shields to Forbidden Skills
Posted by: Bernardo - 02-20-2025, 04:42 AM - Forum: Kitty diseases - No Replies

Diablo 2 has always been a game of depth and complexity, filled with mechanics that players have explored and exploited over the years. Among these mechanics, bugged items hold a special place in the hearts of many veteran players. Whether it’s the legendary "ebugged" shields or the rare forbidden skills appearing on specific items, these quirks made the game even more captivating. However, Diablo 2 Resurrected (D2R) has removed some of these beloved bugs, leaving players with both appreciation for the polished experience and nostalgia for what has been lost.
For those looking for cheap and legit D2R items, there’s still a way to get ahead without spending countless hours farming. Visit MTMMO to buy D2R items for sale at competitive prices.

The Glory of Ebugged Shields and Armors
The "ebugging" mechanic in Diablo 2 was a result of an interaction between ethereal items and the Horadric Cube socketing recipe. Ethereal armors, for instance, naturally gained a 50% defense boost. However, using the cube recipe to add sockets would apply the ethereal bonus again, resulting in armors with astronomical defense values.
For example, a sacred armor with a base defense of 600 would become 900 when ethereal. After ebugging, it would jump to 1350 defense. Adding a runeword like Stone, with 290% enhanced defense, could result in an armor boasting over 5,000 defense!
This mechanic wasn’t without its risks. The recipe added a random number of sockets, so if you were aiming for four sockets for a Fortitude runeword and ended up with just one, the item was effectively ruined. Still, the thrill of gambling with this mechanic was part of its charm. Sadly, ebugging is no longer possible in D2R, leaving players to reminisce about those insanely powerful armors.

The Forbidden Skills Bug
Another fascinating bug involved "forbidden skills" rolling on items where they weren’t supposed to. In the game’s code, certain skills were designated as "banned" from appearing on class-specific items. For example:

  • Paladin: Smite and Holy Shield
  • Barbarian: All combat skills except Leap
Despite these restrictions, the game engine had a loophole. When determining skills for an item, it would roll from a pool of eligible skills and check if the skill was banned. If so, it would reroll up to six times. On the seventh roll, however, the game would "give up" and allow the banned skill to appear.
This led to incredibly rare and unique items, such as war scepters with Holy Shield or Barbarian helms with Whirlwind. These items opened up new possibilities for builds and added an element of surprise to item drops. Unfortunately, this bug has also been patched in D2R, removing yet another layer of excitement from the game.

Why Were These Bugs Removed?
While these bugs were fun and added depth to itemization, they were ultimately unintended and conflicted with Blizzard’s vision for a balanced game. D2R has introduced numerous fixes to longstanding issues, such as:
  • The poison cloud bug in Nihlathak’s Temple, which dealt unintended physical damage.
  • The fire enchant bug, which caused nightmare and hell bosses to deal absurd damage on death.
  • Elemental enchant interactions, where lightning bolts could trigger fire explosions, amplifying damage exponentially.
These fixes have made the game more polished and accessible, but they’ve also eliminated some of the quirks that veteran players cherished.

Reliving the Glory: Where to Buy D2R Items
For players who miss the thrill of powerful items but don’t have the time to grind, there’s good news. You can still create overpowered builds by purchasing items from a reliable store. MTMMO sells cheap and legit D2R items, including runewords, charms, and unique items. Whether you’re a casual player or a ladder season competitor, you can find what you need to dominate the game.
Why buy from MTMMO?
  • Competitive prices: The best deals on the market.
  • Instant delivery: Most orders are fulfilled within 5–30 minutes.
  • Safe transactions: Guaranteed secure payment methods and account safety.
  • 24/7 support: Friendly customer service is always available to assist.
Skip the grind and enjoy the fun by purchasing D2R items for sale on MTMMO.

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  Discover High-Quality Human Hair Wigs at Honest Hair Factory!
Posted by: Bernardo - 01-23-2025, 10:54 PM - Forum: Kitty diseases - No Replies

Hello, fellow hair enthusiasts!
If you're on the hunt for premium human hair wigs, I highly recommend checking out Honest Hair Factory. As someone who appreciates quality and style, I can confidently say that this company stands out in the crowded market of wig retailers.
Why Choose Honest Hair Factory?
1. Exceptional Quality
Honest Hair Factory specializes in 100% human hair wigs, ensuring that you get a natural look and feel. Their wigs are made from high-quality raw materials, allowing for easy styling and longevity. Whether you're looking for straight, body wave, loose wave, or curly styles, they have a wide range to suit every preference.
2. Fast Fulfillment
One of the standout features of Honest Hair Factory is their commitment to fast fulfillment. They understand that when you order a wig, you want it as soon as possible. With efficient processing and shipping, you can expect your order to arrive promptly, allowing you to enjoy your new look without unnecessary delays.
3. Excellent Customer Service
Shopping for wigs can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with so many options available. Honest Hair Factory prides itself on providing exceptional customer service. Their knowledgeable team is ready to assist you with any questions or concerns, ensuring a smooth shopping experience from start to finish. Whether you need help choosing the right wig or have inquiries about care, their support team is there for you.
4. Competitive Pricing
Affordability without sacrificing quality is crucial. Honest Hair Factory offers competitive pricing on all their human hair wigs and bundles. This means you can achieve a stunning look without breaking the bank. Plus, they frequently have promotions and deals, making it even more accessible to invest in high-quality hair.
5. Versatility in Styles
Whether you're preparing for a special occasion, looking to switch up your everyday look, or trying to find the perfect accessory for your outfit, Honest Hair Factory has you covered. From lace front wigs to full lace wigs, they offer a variety of styles that can cater to all your hair needs. You can even find options for different lengths and colors, ensuring that there's something for everyone.
Many satisfied customers have shared their positive experiences with Honest Hair Factory, praising not only the quality of the wigs but also the overall shopping experience. If you're serious about your hair game, joining the community of users who trust this brand is a fantastic step.
[Image: 6376263498949826956993176.JPG]

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  What is Die Casting Mold | Mold Design and Production
Posted by: Bernardo - 01-23-2025, 10:38 PM - Forum: Kitty diseases - No Replies

A die casting mold is a crucial component in the die casting process, which is widely used for manufacturing metal parts and components. This technique involves forcing molten metal into a mold cavity under high pressure, allowing for the mass production of detailed and precise metal products.
[Image: mold-making-service-1.jpg]

Understanding Die Casting Molds
Die casting molds are typically made of two parts: the fixed (stationary) mold and the movable (ejector) mold. The fixed mold is secured to the machine, while the movable mold opens to eject the finished product after cooling.

Benefits of Die Casting Molds

Precision: Die casting molds ensure high accuracy and detail in the production of metal parts.
Efficiency: The process allows for quick production times, making it ideal for mass manufacturing.
- Durability: Molds are designed to withstand high temperatures and pressure, ensuring long-term use.

Die Casting Service for Mold
For businesses seeking high-quality die casting molds, die casting service for mold is essential. These services provide custom mold design and production tailored to specific requirements, ensuring that every aspect of the mold meets the client's needs.

Understanding the importance of die casting molds is vital for businesses involved in metal manufacturing. With the right molds and appropriate die casting services, companies can achieve high-quality products efficiently and effectively.For more information about die casting molds and services, visit Diecasting-mould.com

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  How to eliminate propeller vibration?
Posted by: EQiblybolve - 01-13-2025, 04:35 AM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - No Replies

<h2> Employing the Balanset-1A System </h2>

<h3> Equipment Preparation </h3>
<ul>
<li> accelerometers, laser rpm sensor, mounting stand, software application, and additional tools. </li>
<li> Establish a USB connection between the instrument and the computer, ensuring the software is set up properly. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Setting Up the Sensors </h3>
<ul>
<li> Attach the vibration sensors firmly to the machine casing in areas with the highest vibration amplitude, usually close to the bearing supports. </li>
<li> Aim the optical rpm sensor at the rotating shaft and apply a reflective strip to the shaft for phase angle data acquisition. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Software Startup </h3>
<ul>
<li> Initiate the Balanset program on your computer. </li>
<li> Configure the software for either single-plane or two-plane balancing, based on the rotor's characteristics and the desired outcome. </li>
</ul>

<h3> </h3>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2-Camera_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2-Camera_01.png" alt="2-Camera_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<ul>
<li> Operate the rotor at its intended working speed. </li>
<li> The application will acquire data on vibration magnitude, rotational velocity, and phase angle to determine the initial imbalance state. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Trial Weight Installation </h3>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/3-Camera-2_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/3-Camera-2_01.png" alt="3-Camera-2_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<ul>
<li> Stop the rotor and attach a trial weight at a specific location on the rotor. The weight's mass can be specified within the software (e.g., in grams). </li>
<li> Restart the rotor, and the software will record the changes in vibration level and phase angle. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/5-Camera_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/5-Camera_01.png" alt="5-Camera_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>


<h3> Computing the Compensating Weight </h3>
<ul>
<li> Using the acquired measurements, the program automatically determines the required corrective weight's mass and angular position. </li>
<li> These parameters are displayed on the screen as numerical data and graphs. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10448629.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10448629.png" alt="Bs1 Manual" style="width: 30%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>

<h3> Mounting the Compensating Weight </h3>
<ul>
<li> Install the correction weight on the rotor according to the software's calculations. </li>
<li> If necessary, perform intermediate checks to verify that the imbalance is being reduced. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-Camera-2_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-Camera-2_01.png" alt="1-Camera-2_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>

<h3> Validation and Conclusion of the Balancing Process </h3>
<ul>
<li> After installing the correction weight, run the rotor again and check the residual vibration level. </li>
<li> If the vibration level is within acceptable limits (according to ISO 1940), the balancing is complete. </li>
<li> Should the vibration still be excessive, repeat the balancing steps, making further adjustments to the corrective weight as needed. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Report Generation </h3>
<ul>
<li> The program stores the balancing data, allowing you to generate and print a comprehensive report including vibration measurements, corrective weight details, and its angular placement. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Final Recommendations </h3>
<ul>
<li> Ensure all applied weights and attached sensors are firmly fixed in their designated positions. </li>
<li> Confirm that the rotor spins freely and quietly, without any unusual sounds or vibrations. </li>
<li> If the rotor is part of a complex mechanism, verify the proper interaction of all its components. </li>
</ul>

<p> </p>




Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vibromera_ou/
Youtube : https://youtu.be/guA6XJ-ArZM?si=vmkuX7RILzKBl0zL
Our website about <a href="https://vibromera.eu
"> Balancing of axial fan rotors </a>
Machinio: https://www.machinio.com/listings/983801...n-portugal
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  Experience high-quality balancing in minutes
Posted by: EQiblybolve - 01-08-2025, 09:50 AM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - No Replies

<h2> Using the Balanset-1A Instrument </h2>

<h3> Getting the Equipment Ready </h3>
<ul>
<li> accelerometers, laser rpm sensor, mounting stand, software application, and additional tools. </li>
<li> Set up the instrument and connect it to your computer via USB. Verify that the software is correctly installed. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Mounting the Sensors </h3>
<ul>
<li> Fix the accelerometers securely to the machine's structure in locations where vibrations are most prominent, ideally near the bearings. </li>
<li> Direct the laser speed sensor towards the rotor and affix reflective tape to the rotor surface to facilitate phase angle measurement. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Software Startup </h3>
<ul>
<li> Open the Balanset application on your PC. </li>
<li> Choose the correct balancing method (single or two-plane) according to the rotor configuration and the balancing task. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Measuring Initial Vibration </h3>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2-Camera_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2-Camera_01.png" alt="2-Camera_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<ul>
<li> Run the rotor up to its operating speed. </li>
<li> The application will acquire data on vibration magnitude, rotational velocity, and phase angle to determine the initial imbalance state. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Mounting the Test Weight </h3>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/3-Camera-2_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/3-Camera-2_01.png" alt="3-Camera-2_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<ul>
<li> Halt the rotation and mount a test weight at a designated position on the rotor, with the weight's value entered into the software (usually in grams). </li>
<li> Restart the rotor, and the software will record the changes in vibration level and phase angle. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/5-Camera_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/5-Camera_01.png" alt="5-Camera_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>


<h3> Calculating the Correction Weight </h3>
<ul>
<li> The software uses the measured values to automatically compute the necessary compensating weight's magnitude and placement angle. </li>
<li> The calculated values are presented on-screen in both numerical and graphical formats. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10448629.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10448629.png" alt="Bs1 Manual" style="width: 30%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>

<h3> Installing the Correction Weight </h3>
<ul>
<li> Install the correction weight on the rotor according to the software's calculations. </li>
<li> You can conduct interim measurements to confirm that the imbalance is decreasing as expected. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-Camera-2_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-Camera-2_01.png" alt="1-Camera-2_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>

<h3> Validation and Conclusion of the Balancing Process </h3>
<ul>
<li> After installing the correction weight, run the rotor again and check the residual vibration level. </li>
<li> The balancing procedure is finished if the remaining vibration is within the permissible limits specified in ISO 1940. </li>
<li> If the vibration is still outside acceptable limits, reiterate the process and fine-tune the compensating weight. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Report Generation </h3>
<ul>
<li> All balancing results are logged and archived within the software, from which you can produce a printable report summarizing the vibration levels, compensating weight, and its installation position. </li>
</ul>

<h3> Final Recommendations </h3>
<ul>
<li> Ensure all applied weights and attached sensors are firmly fixed in their designated positions. </li>
<li> Confirm that the rotor spins freely and quietly, without any unusual sounds or vibrations. </li>
<li> If the rotor operates within a larger assembly, check the functionality and interplay of all interconnected parts. </li>
</ul>

<p> This process allows for precise imbalance correction, reducing vibration and extending equipment life. </p>




Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vibromera_ou/
Youtube : https://youtu.be/guA6XJ-ArZM?si=vmkuX7RILzKBl0zL
Our website about <a href="https://vibromera.eu
"> Paper industry rotor balancing </a>
Machinio: https://www.machinio.com/listings/983801...n-portugal
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/marketplace/ite...1228150722

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  A balancing device for crushers, fans, mulchers, augers on combines, shafts, centrifu
Posted by: JamesliT - 01-07-2025, 03:53 PM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - No Replies

Description:
[Image: 77-e1693745667801.jpg.webp]



Order on eBay

Overview of the Balanset-1A Device

The Balanset-1A is a compact, dual-channel solution for balancing and vibration analysis of rotating mechanisms, including crushers, fans, mulchers, choppers, shafts, centrifuges, turbines, and other rotary equipment.

Main Functions and Features

Vibrometry Mode

Tachometer: Accurate measurement of rotational speed (RPM).
Phase: Identifies the phase angle of vibration signals for accurate analysis.
1x Vibration: Measurement and analysis of the dominant frequency component.
FFT Spectrum: In-depth analysis of the vibration frequency spectrum.
Overall Vibration: Monitors overall vibration levels.
Measurement Log: Stores measurements for subsequent review.

Balance Mode

Single-Plane Balancing: Adjusts rotors in one plane to reduce vibration.
Two-Plane Balancing: Balances rotors dynamically in two planes.
Polar Diagram: Visualizes imbalance on a polar chart for precise placement of corrective weights.
Last Session Recovery: Enables continuation of the previous balancing session.
Tolerance Calculator (ISO 1940): Calculates allowable imbalance according to ISO 1940 standards.
Grinding Wheel Balancing: Uses three counterweights to eliminate imbalance.

Graphs and Diagrams

Overall Graphs: Visualizes total vibration levels.
1x Graphs: Represents vibration behavior at the main frequency.
Harmonic Graphs: Analyzes the presence and impact of harmonic frequencies.
Spectral Graphs: Visual representation of the frequency spectrum for thorough analysis.

Additional Capabilities

Archive: Save and access past balancing sessions.
Reports: Create comprehensive balancing reports.
Rebalancing: Allows easy rebalancing with archived data.
Serial Production Balancing: Suitable for balancing rotors in mass production settings.

Package Contents

The Balanset-1A package includes:

A measurement unit with interface connectivity.
Two accelerometers.
Optical sensor (laser tachometer) with magnetic mount.
Electronic balance scales.
Software (Note: Laptop not included, available as an additional order).
Protective transport case.

Main Advantages

The Balanset-1A is easy to use, economical, and versatile, providing solutions for a wide array of balancing and vibration analysis needs.

The device's efficiency and adaptability to specific tasks make it suitable for manufacturing and maintenance needs.

Price: US $1,999.

This versatile device meets the needs of small workshops and large enterprises, offering flexible, universal use.


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  FIP at the Breeder/Cattery
Posted by: kittyhealth - 02-02-2022, 09:27 AM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - Replies (2)

As a breeder with 20 years of breeding experience, I asked myself this question for the first time in 2002. I had discussions with many breeders of other breeds and read many articles in magazines on the subject. In November 2020, I was unfortunately confronted with FIP for the first time in my breeder life. My future stud had developed Neuro FIP without eye involvement. For me as a responsible breeder, breeding with a FIP stud or cat is undoubtedly not an option.

So I dug out all the articles and magazines I had collected over the years and read them again, as well as reviewing all the information from my former breeder colleagues, and my opinion was confirmed once again.

An article that appeared in a cat magazine in 2004 (abbreviated by me):

FIP appears everywhere, in small cattery's, in large cattery's, in individual homes, as well as in families with 2-3 cats, etc. FIP is not only to be found in messy cattery's with dirty environment, but also unfortunately in well-kept homes and apartments where cats are spoiled, belong to the family, enjoy the balcony, garden or roam freely outdoors. 

Every breeder is afraid about this topic and is quite helpless and powerless when it comes to FIP. Almost no cattery is spared from FIP. Veterinarians confirming the increasing cases of diseases in breeders. Many free-roaming domestic cats also fall ill with FIP, but often die in the wild and can therefore not be specifically identified.

The FIP disease, which mainly occurs in young cats, causes more and more breeders to search for the root cause and that is a long and contradictory journey. More than 100 FIP cases in various cattery's domestically and abroad show a completely different picture than previously assumed.

For example: 16 kittens from three different mothers thrive in one "nest". They play, clean and eat together and "only two" of them (from the same mother) get FIP. All others kittens were and remain as fresh as a daisy! They shared a bowl, a water bowl, a blanket and also the litter box.
Another example: A queen had four litters. In the third litter she had 6 babies, of which two kittens suddenly fall ill with FIP. All other kittens in all her litters were and remained healthy.

There are countless such examples and they show one thing above all: the disease FIP is not contagious as this was always been assumed. The origin will likely be found in genetics.

This could also explain why FIP vaccinations are useless. In genetically healthy cats it has no effect, since the cats would have remained healthy without this precaution, and cats suffering from FIP it expedites the process of the disease. The FIP test costs only money and is useless, because FIP cannot be tested.

You can also disregard the stool collection and test, because you can only find corona viruses and not FIP. Detecting the coronavirus titer in the blood adds to the confusion, as many cats have a titer of 0 to 25 just before death. Over 90% of all cats have already had contact with corona virus positive cats.

It has been observed that the stronger the immune system is reacting, the more FIP spreads in the cat's body. Because the more macrophages want to remove the FIP foreign body, the more the organism will be damaged. This means in plain English that immune booster like "Baypamun" or the homeopathic form "Echinacea" are not allowed in cats suffering from or suspected of having FIP. Make sure that your cat is not given these substances.

Some time ago, the kittens were separated from their mothers at the age of 6 weeks to prevent "contamination". We know of a place where 12 kittens out of a total of 22 kittens died as a result of this method, despite being separated from their mother. All 12 kittens were from the same stud. This emotional drastic cure is irresponsible. If a cat has the genetic defect, it will sooner or later develop FIP. If it is not affected, it will not develop FIP, even under severe stress.

More than 100 of the analyzed FIP cases in the respective cattery's always stemmed from a very specific stud. For example, if there are three studs living in a cattery, it must be analyzed in the case of kittens suffering from FIP, which stud sired this litter. This stud will produce one or more kittens with almost all of the females he will mate (own and approved) that will develop FIP. This also explains why there are more and more cases of FIP outdoors or bred and "it seems this horror never ends".

Of course, these studs produce male and female kittens, which inherit the gene but show no symptoms and are later again used for breeding. (...and the horror of FIP doesn't stop). Those studs need to be neutered urgently, even if they are so valuable and beautiful! They spread unspeakable suffering for the breeder, who cares for the litter with love, for the subsequent buyer and above all for the suffering, affected cat.

It is quite possible that these cats do not develop FIP themselves and can enjoy a nice, long life as castrates. The queen to be mated will not get sick either, as FIP is not contagious. FIP does not have to break out in the first two years of life. The disease can also break out later in life under stress.

In some cases, the mother queens were most likely responsible for her FIP sick kittens, since the stud did not produce sick kittens with several other litters. The stud as a carrier of the disease represents a higher risk factor, because he passes on his genetic material more often than a queen. If both parents are affected, at least 80% of this litter will die of FIP.

According to the latest findings, it can be assumed that both parents need a genetic disposition in order to produce FIP-sick offspring!!

FIP comes from inside the cat. The genetic predisposition for the development of FIP was discovered in 1996 by Dr. Niels Pederson USA. He had examined breeding and health data over ten generations and several pedigree cat lines.

WHAT can breeders do? Breeders can and need to know and analyze the ancestry of their cats. Pedigrees need to be compared. In FIP cases, it must be clarified whether the queen or the male has the genetic disposition (or even both).

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  Diagnosing Effusive ("wet") FIP
Posted by: kittyhealth - 02-01-2022, 01:56 PM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - Replies (2)

There are now a number of interesting and extensive websites about this topic, after in 2019 a field study was conducted by Dr. Pedersen with a drug called GS-441524, GS for short.

Since there is no specific FIP test, veterinarians evaluate the symptoms of the diseased cat, the diagnosis and rule out a differential diagnosis.

How is FIP diagnosed?

Until recently, FIP could only be confirmed by autopsy. Conclusive, well-defined tests for FIP have been available since 2019, although not all veterinarians are yet aware of advances in diagnostics.
If a FIP diagnosis is suspected, GS can also be used to find the diagnosis. GS treats only FIP; If the cat responds to the GS treatment and its condition improves, the diagnosis is confirmed.

Diagnosing Effusive ("wet") FIP

Effusive FIP is characterized by a build up of fluid in the cat’s abdomen (ascites), lungs (pleural effusion) or heart (pericardial effusion).  Cats who have ascites will often appear pot-bellied and their belly may feel like a water balloon.  If the effusion is in the heart or lungs, the cat may not have any outward changes in appearance.  If the fluid build up is severe, breathing may sound congested or be visibly labored.

Additional symptoms typically include inappetence, lethargy, high fever that does not respond to antibiotics, 3rd eyelid protrusion, and occasionally jaundice.

Complete CBC & Chemistry Panel

Whenever wet FIP is suspected, a complete blood panel and chemistry panel should be the first step toward a diagnosis.  The typical FIP blood work will show low albumin, high globulin, high white blood cell count, low red blood cell count, high neutrophils, high protein, and high bilirubin. Most FIP cats will have non-regenerative anemia, as well as a persistent fever.  Not all blood results will look the same; however, if some markers are present and the cat’s symptoms suggest a presumptive diagnosis of FIP, further diagnostics are generally recommended.

FIV/FELV Test

In that both FIV and FELV are more common and can present similar to FIP, these should be tested for and ruled out as a primary or secondary diagnosis.

RT-PCR of the effusion
Using a syringe, the veterinarian draws a sample of the fluid for testing.  This is a simple procedure that is done in the office, typically without the need for anesthesia or sedative. If FIP, the effusion is typically high in protein, straw or honey colored, and viscous.  Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detects the RNA of the FCoV – i.e. is a test which detects actual virus.   Quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is an interesting recent development in which the amount of virus in the sample may be measured.  A positive RT-PCR on the fluid is a confirmed diagnosis of wet FIP.  A negative RT-PCR on fluid does not necessarily rule out FIP, as there is roughly a 30% chance of a false negative.  

DO NOT run a RT-PCR test on blood or feces.   RT-PCR on blood or feces can, and often does yield a false positive, or a false negative.

GS As A Diagnostic

In cases where FIP is the presumptive diagnosis, an alternative to extensive additional lab work or procedures is to use GS diagnostically.  GS441 does not treat or cure any condition other than FIP therefore, if the cat begins to respond after a few doses, FIP can be confirmed. If the cat does not have FIP, the GS will do no harm.

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  How is the dry form of FIP diagnosed?
Posted by: kittyhealth - 02-01-2022, 01:14 PM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - No Replies

Diagnosing Non-Effusive ("Dry") with ocular and/or neurological involvement FIP

Dry FIP may present with a variety of symptoms, many of which are consistent with other conditions as well, which makes a diagnosis more difficult. Cats with dry FIP often present with lethargy, stunted growth,  inappetence, fever, anemia, and/or protruding third eyelid(s). There is often a history of diarrhea. 

If there is ocular involvement, uveitis, keratic precipitates - KP (keratic precipitate is an inflammatory cell deposit on the corneal endothelium), aqueous flare, or retinal vessel cuffing may be present.  

If the virus has affected the central nervous system or brain, neurological symptoms may include ataxia, tremors, seizures, or nystagmus (darting eyes).

Complete CBC & Chemistry Panel

Whenever dry FIP is suspected, a complete CBC and chemistry panel should be the first step toward a diagnosis. The typical FIP blood work will show low albumin, high globulin, high white blood cell count, low red blood cell count, high neutrophils, high protein, and high bilirubin. Most FIP cats will have non-regenerative anemia, as well as a persistent fever.  Not all blood results will look the same; however, if some markers are present and the cat’s symptoms suggest a presumptive diagnosis of FIP, further diagnostics are generally recommended.

However, more and more dry FIP cases are emerging in which the blood count does not show any of the above characteristics, but the symptoms are more than clear.

Ultrasound

Dry FIP causes lesions to whichever organs are affected by the virus. An ultrasound can reveal whether or not lesions are present, as well as check for enlarged mesenteric lymph node(s) and enlarged kidneys.  During the ultrasound, a fine needle aspiration of the lesions may be done in the office, and with typically no need for anesthesia.  Samples should be sent to a lab for immunostaining. 

Immunostaining

Direct staining of FCoVs within macrophages by immunofluorescence in cytocentrifuged effusions or immunohistochemistry in tissue is considered the most specific test to confirm FIP. Immunostaining cannot differentiate between the “harmless” FCoV and FIP-causing FCoV, but finding infected macrophages in characteristic pyogranulomatous lesions or in inflammatory effusions is highly associated with FIP. In a recent study in which a large number of cats with confirmed FIP and controls with other confirmed diseases were investigated, positive immunofluorescence staining of intracellular FCoV antigen in macrophages of the effusion was 100% predictive of FIP. Although immunostaining has a high positive predictive value, the negative predictive value is not high, which means that a positive result is likely to be a true positive, while a negative result may not be a true negative. Therefore, a negative result does not rule out a diagnosis of FIP. 

GS As A Diagnostic

In cases where FIP is the presumptive diagnosis, an alternative to extensive additional lab work or procedures is to use GS diagnostically.  GS441 does not treat or cure any condition other than FIP therefore, if the cat begins to respond after a few doses, FIP can be confirmed. If the cat does not have FIP, the GS will do no harm.

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  Is there a valid Fip test?
Posted by: kittyhealth - 02-01-2022, 12:49 PM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - No Replies

THERE IS NO "FIP TEST".

Proper diagnosis requires a variety of tests to both confirm FIP and rule out other diseases that share similar symptoms. What is sometimes (incorrectly) called the "FIP test" measures the cat's exposure to FCoV. 95 percent of the world's cats population have been exposed to FCoV. These titer tests are NOT conclusive. A positive titer for FCoV does NOT indicate that the cat has FIP.

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