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U4GM-8 Common Mistakes to...
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How to eliminate propelle...
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Experience high-quality b...
Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
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Diagnosing Effusive ("wet...
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FIP at the Breeder/Catter...
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How is the dry form of FI...
Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
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Is there a valid Fip test...
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U4GM-8 Common Mistakes to Avoid When Spending Diamonds in ODIN Valhalla Rising |
Posted by: EchoSonata - 05-12-2025, 09:11 PM - Forum: Kitty diseases
- Replies (1)
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In ODIN Valhalla Rising, Diamonds are among the most valuable resources you can obtain, whether through gameplay or via ODIN Valhalla Top Up options. As someone who has spent countless hours exploring Midgard and experimenting with how best to spend Diamonds, I’ve seen how easily they can be wasted if you’re not careful. In this guide, I’ll share the 8 most common mistakes I’ve made—or seen others make—so you can avoid them and make the most of your investment in ODIN Valhalla Rising Diamonds.
1. Spending Diamonds Without a Plan
One of the most common mistakes new players make is impulsively spending Diamonds as soon as they get them. Whether it's on flashy costumes or limited-time gacha pulls, using Diamonds without a clear plan can leave you empty-handed when essential upgrades or rare gear opportunities arise. Always assess your current needs and set a budget.
2. Ignoring Limited-Time Offers and Bundles
From my experience, some of the best value for Diamonds comes from event bundles or limited-time offers during seasonal updates. Missing these can mean paying more later for less. Keep an eye on the shop and plan your ODIN Valhalla Top Up timing around special sales to maximize your value.
![[Image: beb20aa210e20b3f268ca4558c550f87.jpg]](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/be/b2/0a/beb20aa210e20b3f268ca4558c550f87.jpg)
3. Overusing Diamonds on Gacha Pulls
Yes, gacha mechanics can be exciting, but they're also risky. I've personally blown through thousands of Diamonds chasing rare drops with little return. While it's okay to test your luck occasionally, it's smarter to focus on guaranteed rewards like premium gear packs or skill books when available.
4. Spending on Cosmetic Items Too Early
Skins and mounts look fantastic, but in the early stages of the game, it's better to allocate ODIN Valhalla Rising Diamonds toward enhancing your combat strength and survivability. Save the aesthetics for later once your character is better established.
5. Not Comparing Top-Up Options
Before you spend real money, take time to compare ODIN Valhalla Top Up platforms. Some third-party vendors like U4GM offer bonus Diamonds or promotional discounts, giving you more value than direct top-ups from the game store.
6. Skipping the Daily or Weekly Diamond Offers
Many players overlook the daily or weekly Diamond deals in the shop. Based on my experience, these offers often provide the best Diamond-to-value ratio, especially for mid-tier spenders. Checking in regularly can make a noticeable difference over time.
7. Using Diamonds for Common Resources
I once used Diamonds to buy standard materials I could have easily farmed with a bit of effort. Don’t make the same mistake. Use Diamonds strategically for high-tier items or rare crafting components that aren’t easily obtainable through grinding.
8. Not Saving for Late-Game Content
Progressing to the later stages of ODIN Valhalla Rising introduces new challenges and higher costs. Many players, including myself at one point, use up their Diamonds early and struggle when endgame upgrades become necessary. Try to reserve a portion of your Diamonds for future needs, particularly when preparing for PvP or dungeon raids.
Spending Diamonds wisely in ODIN Valhalla Rising can significantly impact your progression and enjoyment. Whether you're buying through ODIN Valhalla Top Up services or earning them in-game, being mindful of these common mistakes will help you get the most out of your investment. Based on my own gameplay journey, making smarter Diamond decisions can give you the competitive edge you need to thrive in the world of Valhalla.diamond-based-vip-system-in-odin-valhalla-rising-everything-you-need-to-know
Ranking Advice:diamond-based-vip-system-in-odin-valhalla-rising-everything-you-need-to-know
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U4GM-8 Common Mistakes to Avoid When Spending Diamonds in ODIN Valhalla Rising |
Posted by: EchoSonata - 05-12-2025, 09:08 PM - Forum: Kitty diseases
- Replies (1)
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In ODIN Valhalla Rising, Diamonds are among the most valuable resources you can obtain, whether through gameplay or via ODIN Valhalla Top Up options. As someone who has spent countless hours exploring Midgard and experimenting with how best to spend Diamonds, I’ve seen how easily they can be wasted if you’re not careful. In this guide, I’ll share the 8 most common mistakes I’ve made—or seen others make—so you can avoid them and make the most of your investment in ODIN Valhalla Rising Diamonds.
1. Spending Diamonds Without a Plan
One of the most common mistakes new players make is impulsively spending Diamonds as soon as they get them. Whether it's on flashy costumes or limited-time gacha pulls, using Diamonds without a clear plan can leave you empty-handed when essential upgrades or rare gear opportunities arise. Always assess your current needs and set a budget.
2. Ignoring Limited-Time Offers and Bundles
From my experience, some of the best value for Diamonds comes from event bundles or limited-time offers during seasonal updates. Missing these can mean paying more later for less. Keep an eye on the shop and plan your ODIN Valhalla Top Up timing around special sales to maximize your value.
![[Image: beb20aa210e20b3f268ca4558c550f87.jpg]](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/be/b2/0a/beb20aa210e20b3f268ca4558c550f87.jpg)
3. Overusing Diamonds on Gacha Pulls
Yes, gacha mechanics can be exciting, but they're also risky. I've personally blown through thousands of Diamonds chasing rare drops with little return. While it's okay to test your luck occasionally, it's smarter to focus on guaranteed rewards like premium gear packs or skill books when available.
4. Spending on Cosmetic Items Too Early
Skins and mounts look fantastic, but in the early stages of the game, it's better to allocate ODIN Valhalla Rising Diamonds toward enhancing your combat strength and survivability. Save the aesthetics for later once your character is better established.
5. Not Comparing Top-Up Options
Before you spend real money, take time to compare ODIN Valhalla Top Up platforms. Some third-party vendors like U4GM offer bonus Diamonds or promotional discounts, giving you more value than direct top-ups from the game store.
6. Skipping the Daily or Weekly Diamond Offers
Many players overlook the daily or weekly Diamond deals in the shop. Based on my experience, these offers often provide the best Diamond-to-value ratio, especially for mid-tier spenders. Checking in regularly can make a noticeable difference over time.
7. Using Diamonds for Common Resources
I once used Diamonds to buy standard materials I could have easily farmed with a bit of effort. Don’t make the same mistake. Use Diamonds strategically for high-tier items or rare crafting components that aren’t easily obtainable through grinding.
8. Not Saving for Late-Game Content
Progressing to the later stages of ODIN Valhalla Rising introduces new challenges and higher costs. Many players, including myself at one point, use up their Diamonds early and struggle when endgame upgrades become necessary. Try to reserve a portion of your Diamonds for future needs, particularly when preparing for PvP or dungeon raids.
Spending Diamonds wisely in ODIN Valhalla Rising can significantly impact your progression and enjoyment. Whether you're buying through ODIN Valhalla Top Up services or earning them in-game, being mindful of these common mistakes will help you get the most out of your investment. Based on my own gameplay journey, making smarter Diamond decisions can give you the competitive edge you need to thrive in the world of Valhalla.diamond-based-vip-system-in-odin-valhalla-rising-everything-you-need-to-know
Ranking Advice:diamond-based-vip-system-in-odin-valhalla-rising-everything-you-need-to-know
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How to eliminate propeller vibration? |
Posted by: EQiblybolve - 01-13-2025, 04:35 AM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- No Replies
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<h2> Employing the Balanset-1A System </h2>
<h3> Equipment Preparation </h3>
<ul>
<li> accelerometers, laser rpm sensor, mounting stand, software application, and additional tools. </li>
<li> Establish a USB connection between the instrument and the computer, ensuring the software is set up properly. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Setting Up the Sensors </h3>
<ul>
<li> Attach the vibration sensors firmly to the machine casing in areas with the highest vibration amplitude, usually close to the bearing supports. </li>
<li> Aim the optical rpm sensor at the rotating shaft and apply a reflective strip to the shaft for phase angle data acquisition. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Software Startup </h3>
<ul>
<li> Initiate the Balanset program on your computer. </li>
<li> Configure the software for either single-plane or two-plane balancing, based on the rotor's characteristics and the desired outcome. </li>
</ul>
<h3> </h3>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2-Camera_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2-Camera_01.png" alt="2-Camera_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<ul>
<li> Operate the rotor at its intended working speed. </li>
<li> The application will acquire data on vibration magnitude, rotational velocity, and phase angle to determine the initial imbalance state. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Trial Weight Installation </h3>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/3-Camera-2_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/3-Camera-2_01.png" alt="3-Camera-2_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<ul>
<li> Stop the rotor and attach a trial weight at a specific location on the rotor. The weight's mass can be specified within the software (e.g., in grams). </li>
<li> Restart the rotor, and the software will record the changes in vibration level and phase angle. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/5-Camera_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/5-Camera_01.png" alt="5-Camera_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<h3> Computing the Compensating Weight </h3>
<ul>
<li> Using the acquired measurements, the program automatically determines the required corrective weight's mass and angular position. </li>
<li> These parameters are displayed on the screen as numerical data and graphs. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10448629.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10448629.png" alt="Bs1 Manual" style="width: 30%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<h3> Mounting the Compensating Weight </h3>
<ul>
<li> Install the correction weight on the rotor according to the software's calculations. </li>
<li> If necessary, perform intermediate checks to verify that the imbalance is being reduced. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-Camera-2_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-Camera-2_01.png" alt="1-Camera-2_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<h3> Validation and Conclusion of the Balancing Process </h3>
<ul>
<li> After installing the correction weight, run the rotor again and check the residual vibration level. </li>
<li> If the vibration level is within acceptable limits (according to ISO 1940), the balancing is complete. </li>
<li> Should the vibration still be excessive, repeat the balancing steps, making further adjustments to the corrective weight as needed. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Report Generation </h3>
<ul>
<li> The program stores the balancing data, allowing you to generate and print a comprehensive report including vibration measurements, corrective weight details, and its angular placement. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Final Recommendations </h3>
<ul>
<li> Ensure all applied weights and attached sensors are firmly fixed in their designated positions. </li>
<li> Confirm that the rotor spins freely and quietly, without any unusual sounds or vibrations. </li>
<li> If the rotor is part of a complex mechanism, verify the proper interaction of all its components. </li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vibromera_ou/
Youtube : https://youtu.be/guA6XJ-ArZM?si=vmkuX7RILzKBl0zL
Our website about <a href="https://vibromera.eu
"> Balancing of axial fan rotors </a>
Machinio: https://www.machinio.com/listings/983801...n-portugal
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/marketplace/ite...1228150722
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Experience high-quality balancing in minutes |
Posted by: EQiblybolve - 01-08-2025, 09:50 AM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- No Replies
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<h2> Using the Balanset-1A Instrument </h2>
<h3> Getting the Equipment Ready </h3>
<ul>
<li> accelerometers, laser rpm sensor, mounting stand, software application, and additional tools. </li>
<li> Set up the instrument and connect it to your computer via USB. Verify that the software is correctly installed. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Mounting the Sensors </h3>
<ul>
<li> Fix the accelerometers securely to the machine's structure in locations where vibrations are most prominent, ideally near the bearings. </li>
<li> Direct the laser speed sensor towards the rotor and affix reflective tape to the rotor surface to facilitate phase angle measurement. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Software Startup </h3>
<ul>
<li> Open the Balanset application on your PC. </li>
<li> Choose the correct balancing method (single or two-plane) according to the rotor configuration and the balancing task. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Measuring Initial Vibration </h3>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2-Camera_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2-Camera_01.png" alt="2-Camera_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<ul>
<li> Run the rotor up to its operating speed. </li>
<li> The application will acquire data on vibration magnitude, rotational velocity, and phase angle to determine the initial imbalance state. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Mounting the Test Weight </h3>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/3-Camera-2_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/3-Camera-2_01.png" alt="3-Camera-2_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<ul>
<li> Halt the rotation and mount a test weight at a designated position on the rotor, with the weight's value entered into the software (usually in grams). </li>
<li> Restart the rotor, and the software will record the changes in vibration level and phase angle. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/5-Camera_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/5-Camera_01.png" alt="5-Camera_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<h3> Calculating the Correction Weight </h3>
<ul>
<li> The software uses the measured values to automatically compute the necessary compensating weight's magnitude and placement angle. </li>
<li> The calculated values are presented on-screen in both numerical and graphical formats. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10448629.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bs1ManualEngV156-May2023-10448629.png" alt="Bs1 Manual" style="width: 30%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<h3> Installing the Correction Weight </h3>
<ul>
<li> Install the correction weight on the rotor according to the software's calculations. </li>
<li> You can conduct interim measurements to confirm that the imbalance is decreasing as expected. </li>
</ul>
<a href="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-Camera-2_01.png" target="_blank">
<img src="https://vibromera.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-Camera-2_01.png" alt="1-Camera-2_01" style="width: 50%; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</a>
<h3> Validation and Conclusion of the Balancing Process </h3>
<ul>
<li> After installing the correction weight, run the rotor again and check the residual vibration level. </li>
<li> The balancing procedure is finished if the remaining vibration is within the permissible limits specified in ISO 1940. </li>
<li> If the vibration is still outside acceptable limits, reiterate the process and fine-tune the compensating weight. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Report Generation </h3>
<ul>
<li> All balancing results are logged and archived within the software, from which you can produce a printable report summarizing the vibration levels, compensating weight, and its installation position. </li>
</ul>
<h3> Final Recommendations </h3>
<ul>
<li> Ensure all applied weights and attached sensors are firmly fixed in their designated positions. </li>
<li> Confirm that the rotor spins freely and quietly, without any unusual sounds or vibrations. </li>
<li> If the rotor operates within a larger assembly, check the functionality and interplay of all interconnected parts. </li>
</ul>
<p> This process allows for precise imbalance correction, reducing vibration and extending equipment life. </p>
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vibromera_ou/
Youtube : https://youtu.be/guA6XJ-ArZM?si=vmkuX7RILzKBl0zL
Our website about <a href="https://vibromera.eu
"> Paper industry rotor balancing </a>
Machinio: https://www.machinio.com/listings/983801...n-portugal
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/marketplace/ite...1228150722
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FIP at the Breeder/Cattery |
Posted by: kittyhealth - 02-02-2022, 09:27 AM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- Replies (2)
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As a breeder with 20 years of breeding experience, I asked myself this question for the first time in 2002. I had discussions with many breeders of other breeds and read many articles in magazines on the subject. In November 2020, I was unfortunately confronted with FIP for the first time in my breeder life. My future stud had developed Neuro FIP without eye involvement. For me as a responsible breeder, breeding with a FIP stud or cat is undoubtedly not an option.
So I dug out all the articles and magazines I had collected over the years and read them again, as well as reviewing all the information from my former breeder colleagues, and my opinion was confirmed once again.
An article that appeared in a cat magazine in 2004 (abbreviated by me):
FIP appears everywhere, in small cattery's, in large cattery's, in individual homes, as well as in families with 2-3 cats, etc. FIP is not only to be found in messy cattery's with dirty environment, but also unfortunately in well-kept homes and apartments where cats are spoiled, belong to the family, enjoy the balcony, garden or roam freely outdoors.
Every breeder is afraid about this topic and is quite helpless and powerless when it comes to FIP. Almost no cattery is spared from FIP. Veterinarians confirming the increasing cases of diseases in breeders. Many free-roaming domestic cats also fall ill with FIP, but often die in the wild and can therefore not be specifically identified.
The FIP disease, which mainly occurs in young cats, causes more and more breeders to search for the root cause and that is a long and contradictory journey. More than 100 FIP cases in various cattery's domestically and abroad show a completely different picture than previously assumed.
For example: 16 kittens from three different mothers thrive in one "nest". They play, clean and eat together and "only two" of them (from the same mother) get FIP. All others kittens were and remain as fresh as a daisy! They shared a bowl, a water bowl, a blanket and also the litter box.
Another example: A queen had four litters. In the third litter she had 6 babies, of which two kittens suddenly fall ill with FIP. All other kittens in all her litters were and remained healthy.
There are countless such examples and they show one thing above all: the disease FIP is not contagious as this was always been assumed. The origin will likely be found in genetics.
This could also explain why FIP vaccinations are useless. In genetically healthy cats it has no effect, since the cats would have remained healthy without this precaution, and cats suffering from FIP it expedites the process of the disease. The FIP test costs only money and is useless, because FIP cannot be tested.
You can also disregard the stool collection and test, because you can only find corona viruses and not FIP. Detecting the coronavirus titer in the blood adds to the confusion, as many cats have a titer of 0 to 25 just before death. Over 90% of all cats have already had contact with corona virus positive cats.
It has been observed that the stronger the immune system is reacting, the more FIP spreads in the cat's body. Because the more macrophages want to remove the FIP foreign body, the more the organism will be damaged. This means in plain English that immune booster like "Baypamun" or the homeopathic form "Echinacea" are not allowed in cats suffering from or suspected of having FIP. Make sure that your cat is not given these substances.
Some time ago, the kittens were separated from their mothers at the age of 6 weeks to prevent "contamination". We know of a place where 12 kittens out of a total of 22 kittens died as a result of this method, despite being separated from their mother. All 12 kittens were from the same stud. This emotional drastic cure is irresponsible. If a cat has the genetic defect, it will sooner or later develop FIP. If it is not affected, it will not develop FIP, even under severe stress.
More than 100 of the analyzed FIP cases in the respective cattery's always stemmed from a very specific stud. For example, if there are three studs living in a cattery, it must be analyzed in the case of kittens suffering from FIP, which stud sired this litter. This stud will produce one or more kittens with almost all of the females he will mate (own and approved) that will develop FIP. This also explains why there are more and more cases of FIP outdoors or bred and "it seems this horror never ends".
Of course, these studs produce male and female kittens, which inherit the gene but show no symptoms and are later again used for breeding. (...and the horror of FIP doesn't stop). Those studs need to be neutered urgently, even if they are so valuable and beautiful! They spread unspeakable suffering for the breeder, who cares for the litter with love, for the subsequent buyer and above all for the suffering, affected cat.
It is quite possible that these cats do not develop FIP themselves and can enjoy a nice, long life as castrates. The queen to be mated will not get sick either, as FIP is not contagious. FIP does not have to break out in the first two years of life. The disease can also break out later in life under stress.
In some cases, the mother queens were most likely responsible for her FIP sick kittens, since the stud did not produce sick kittens with several other litters. The stud as a carrier of the disease represents a higher risk factor, because he passes on his genetic material more often than a queen. If both parents are affected, at least 80% of this litter will die of FIP.
According to the latest findings, it can be assumed that both parents need a genetic disposition in order to produce FIP-sick offspring!!
FIP comes from inside the cat. The genetic predisposition for the development of FIP was discovered in 1996 by Dr. Niels Pederson USA. He had examined breeding and health data over ten generations and several pedigree cat lines.
WHAT can breeders do? Breeders can and need to know and analyze the ancestry of their cats. Pedigrees need to be compared. In FIP cases, it must be clarified whether the queen or the male has the genetic disposition (or even both).
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Diagnosing Effusive ("wet") FIP |
Posted by: kittyhealth - 02-01-2022, 01:56 PM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- Replies (2)
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There are now a number of interesting and extensive websites about this topic, after in 2019 a field study was conducted by Dr. Pedersen with a drug called GS-441524, GS for short.
Since there is no specific FIP test, veterinarians evaluate the symptoms of the diseased cat, the diagnosis and rule out a differential diagnosis.
How is FIP diagnosed?
Until recently, FIP could only be confirmed by autopsy. Conclusive, well-defined tests for FIP have been available since 2019, although not all veterinarians are yet aware of advances in diagnostics.
If a FIP diagnosis is suspected, GS can also be used to find the diagnosis. GS treats only FIP; If the cat responds to the GS treatment and its condition improves, the diagnosis is confirmed.
Diagnosing Effusive ("wet") FIP
Effusive FIP is characterized by a build up of fluid in the cat’s abdomen (ascites), lungs (pleural effusion) or heart (pericardial effusion). Cats who have ascites will often appear pot-bellied and their belly may feel like a water balloon. If the effusion is in the heart or lungs, the cat may not have any outward changes in appearance. If the fluid build up is severe, breathing may sound congested or be visibly labored.
Additional symptoms typically include inappetence, lethargy, high fever that does not respond to antibiotics, 3rd eyelid protrusion, and occasionally jaundice.
Complete CBC & Chemistry Panel
Whenever wet FIP is suspected, a complete blood panel and chemistry panel should be the first step toward a diagnosis. The typical FIP blood work will show low albumin, high globulin, high white blood cell count, low red blood cell count, high neutrophils, high protein, and high bilirubin. Most FIP cats will have non-regenerative anemia, as well as a persistent fever. Not all blood results will look the same; however, if some markers are present and the cat’s symptoms suggest a presumptive diagnosis of FIP, further diagnostics are generally recommended.
FIV/FELV Test
In that both FIV and FELV are more common and can present similar to FIP, these should be tested for and ruled out as a primary or secondary diagnosis.
RT-PCR of the effusion
Using a syringe, the veterinarian draws a sample of the fluid for testing. This is a simple procedure that is done in the office, typically without the need for anesthesia or sedative. If FIP, the effusion is typically high in protein, straw or honey colored, and viscous. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detects the RNA of the FCoV – i.e. is a test which detects actual virus. Quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is an interesting recent development in which the amount of virus in the sample may be measured. A positive RT-PCR on the fluid is a confirmed diagnosis of wet FIP. A negative RT-PCR on fluid does not necessarily rule out FIP, as there is roughly a 30% chance of a false negative.
DO NOT run a RT-PCR test on blood or feces. RT-PCR on blood or feces can, and often does yield a false positive, or a false negative.
GS As A Diagnostic
In cases where FIP is the presumptive diagnosis, an alternative to extensive additional lab work or procedures is to use GS diagnostically. GS441 does not treat or cure any condition other than FIP therefore, if the cat begins to respond after a few doses, FIP can be confirmed. If the cat does not have FIP, the GS will do no harm.
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How is the dry form of FIP diagnosed? |
Posted by: kittyhealth - 02-01-2022, 01:14 PM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- No Replies
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Diagnosing Non-Effusive ("Dry") with ocular and/or neurological involvement FIP
Dry FIP may present with a variety of symptoms, many of which are consistent with other conditions as well, which makes a diagnosis more difficult. Cats with dry FIP often present with lethargy, stunted growth, inappetence, fever, anemia, and/or protruding third eyelid(s). There is often a history of diarrhea.
If there is ocular involvement, uveitis, keratic precipitates - KP (keratic precipitate is an inflammatory cell deposit on the corneal endothelium), aqueous flare, or retinal vessel cuffing may be present.
If the virus has affected the central nervous system or brain, neurological symptoms may include ataxia, tremors, seizures, or nystagmus (darting eyes).
Complete CBC & Chemistry Panel
Whenever dry FIP is suspected, a complete CBC and chemistry panel should be the first step toward a diagnosis. The typical FIP blood work will show low albumin, high globulin, high white blood cell count, low red blood cell count, high neutrophils, high protein, and high bilirubin. Most FIP cats will have non-regenerative anemia, as well as a persistent fever. Not all blood results will look the same; however, if some markers are present and the cat’s symptoms suggest a presumptive diagnosis of FIP, further diagnostics are generally recommended.
However, more and more dry FIP cases are emerging in which the blood count does not show any of the above characteristics, but the symptoms are more than clear.
Ultrasound
Dry FIP causes lesions to whichever organs are affected by the virus. An ultrasound can reveal whether or not lesions are present, as well as check for enlarged mesenteric lymph node(s) and enlarged kidneys. During the ultrasound, a fine needle aspiration of the lesions may be done in the office, and with typically no need for anesthesia. Samples should be sent to a lab for immunostaining.
Immunostaining
Direct staining of FCoVs within macrophages by immunofluorescence in cytocentrifuged effusions or immunohistochemistry in tissue is considered the most specific test to confirm FIP. Immunostaining cannot differentiate between the “harmless” FCoV and FIP-causing FCoV, but finding infected macrophages in characteristic pyogranulomatous lesions or in inflammatory effusions is highly associated with FIP. In a recent study in which a large number of cats with confirmed FIP and controls with other confirmed diseases were investigated, positive immunofluorescence staining of intracellular FCoV antigen in macrophages of the effusion was 100% predictive of FIP. Although immunostaining has a high positive predictive value, the negative predictive value is not high, which means that a positive result is likely to be a true positive, while a negative result may not be a true negative. Therefore, a negative result does not rule out a diagnosis of FIP.
GS As A Diagnostic
In cases where FIP is the presumptive diagnosis, an alternative to extensive additional lab work or procedures is to use GS diagnostically. GS441 does not treat or cure any condition other than FIP therefore, if the cat begins to respond after a few doses, FIP can be confirmed. If the cat does not have FIP, the GS will do no harm.
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Is there a valid Fip test? |
Posted by: kittyhealth - 02-01-2022, 12:49 PM - Forum: Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- No Replies
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THERE IS NO "FIP TEST".
Proper diagnosis requires a variety of tests to both confirm FIP and rule out other diseases that share similar symptoms. What is sometimes (incorrectly) called the "FIP test" measures the cat's exposure to FCoV. 95 percent of the world's cats population have been exposed to FCoV. These titer tests are NOT conclusive. A positive titer for FCoV does NOT indicate that the cat has FIP.
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